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Europe

Hakluytus Posthumus excerpt
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Rivalry Between English and Dutch East India Companies

The Amboyna trial was a famous conspiracy case that took place in 1623 when a group of Japanese mercenaries were accused of plotting with English merchants to seize control of a Dutch fort on a remote island in Southeast Asia.

Excerpt of Discoers aen de E. Heeren Bewinthebberen
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Japanese Mercenaries and the Dutch East India Company

The Amboyna trial was a famous conspiracy case that took place in 1623 when a group of Japanese mercenaries were accused of plotting with English merchants to seize control of a Dutch fort on a remote island in Southeast Asia.

Deposition of Jan Joosten
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"Torture by Water" in the Early Modern Dutch Empire

The Amboyna trial was a famous conspiracy case that took place in 1623 when a group of Japanese mercenaries were accused of plotting with English merchants to seize control of a Dutch fort on a remote island in Southeast Asia.

Declaration by the bailiff of Batavia
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Torture in the Early Modern Dutch Empire

The Amboyna trial was a famous conspiracy case that took place in 1623 when a group of Japanese mercenaries were accused of plotting with English merchants to seize control of a Dutch fort on a remote island in Southeast Asia.

Post-Soviet population table
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Post-Soviet Population Table, 2006

This table provides population information for the fifteen successor states of the Soviet Union. While these figures do not provide a breakdown by national composition within each independent state, they do reveal the range in the sizes of these new states.

Commonwealth of Independent States Map
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Commonwealth of Independent States, Map 1994

This map outlines the political territories that took the place of the Soviet Union after 1991.

Chart of Arms Reduction in Eastern Europe
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Arms Reduction in Eastern Europe

Once in power, Mikhail Gorbachev began a reform process that followed two paths: perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost' (openness).

Food shortage chart
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Soviet Food Shortages

The 1980s posed many challenges for the everyday lives of the average citizens of East Europe countries, including daily difficulties created from shortages. Buying such necessities as food, clothing, and hygiene products was recurring obstacle to the average consumer.

Map of Soviet Nuclear Reactors in Eastern Europe
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Soviet Nuclear Reactors in Eastern Europe

On April 26, 1986, an explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine led to the radioactive contamination of the surrounding countryside and to radioactive fallout throughout Eastern and Western Europe.

Thumbnail of engraving
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The Fountain of Regeneration

In this engraving of the Festival of Reunion or Unity of 10 August 1793, a female statue of Nature in the form of the Egyptian goddess Isis represents the regeneration of the French people. It sits on the site of the Bastille prison, whose fall signaled the beginning of the Revolution.