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Modern (1800 CE - 1950 CE)

Reports by Her Majesty's Agent and Consul-General
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Reports by Her Majesty's Agent and Consul-General

Despite efforts to resist, by the end of the 19th century, almost all of the Middle East had fallen under the control of European powers. Whether in the form of a protectorate or colony, European powers made changes to the indigenous educational system that impacted children.

The use of the !gõïn!gõïn page
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San Dance Ethnography

Lucy Lloyd and Wilhelm Bleek, German ethnographers who lived in Cape Town, were the first people to systematically write down Khoisan folklore, beliefs, and customs.

Still image of interview subject
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Japanese American Incarceration at Manzanar, California, Interview Part 2

Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga is a Nisei (2nd generation) Japanese American born in 1925 in Los Angeles. She was incarcerated at Manzanar, California, and later Jerome and Rohwer, Arkansas.

Title page for Adventure in New Zealand
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Adventure in New Zealand, from 1839 to 1844

E. J. Wakefield was 19 years of age when he sailed from England, in 1839, on the New Zealand Company vessel, Tory, as secretary to his uncle, Colonel William Wakefield.

Title page of The Ancient History of the Maori
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The Ancient History of the Maori

In this excerpt, an adult Horeta Te Taniwha recounts childhood memories of a cultural encounter with Europeans for a Pakeha researcher.

Title page of A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison
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A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison

In 1753, 15 year old Mary Jemison was captured by Indians along the Pennsylvania frontier during the Seven Years' War between the French, English, and Indian peoples of North America.

Title page of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl

The book-length narrative, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861), chronicles the experiences of Harriet Jacobs who was born a slave in Edenton, North Carolina, in 1813.

Title page of Camila O'Gorman
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"To the Spirits of Camila O'Gorman"

The story of Camila O'Gorman (1828-1848), the daughter of a prominent merchant in the Buenos Aires community, is one of the most famous cases of a young person challenging both parental and state authority.

Brothers Grimm cover
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"How Some Children Played at Slaughtering"

The pioneering collection of fairy tales published by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in the first half of the 19th century reflects both the romantic interest in the national past—that is, in the cultural origins and "childhood" of the German people—and the burgeoning efforts to create a literature tail

Title page image for The Chinese Boy and Girl
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The Chinese Boy and Girl

Issac Taylor Headland (1859-1942), a resident of Beijing and a scholar at Peking (Beijing) University, joined other contemporaries interested in both popular culture and folklore in his own study of daily life in China.