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Early Modern (1450 CE - 1800 CE)

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The Exorcism: Ridding France of the Devil Napoleon

The seal in the foreground, with its fleur–de–lys, indicates a return to royalism after France’s liberation from Napoleon. In addition, the secularism associated with the Revolution is countered with the image’s reference to the religious practice of exorcism.

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His Monument: Napoleon's Past and Future Are FIlled With Dead Bodies

This Janus–like figuration of Napoleon haunts the viewer as it suggests a future filled with skulls. Indeed, the unprecedented deaths from war and conquest of the last two centuries make this image seem predictive.

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Celebrating Napoleon's Birthday on the Island of St. Helena

In this cartoon, Napoleon is portrayed as a buffoon, riding a goat in a charge against rodents, mocking his warlike instincts.

Thumbnail of a photo of a child in costume riding a creature
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Chinese Children at the Tjap Go Meh Festival in Makassar

This photograph, dated 1880, shows Chinese children in a procession in the Tjap Go Meh Festival in Makassar, the largest city on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Tjap Go Meh is a Chinese festival that takes place 15 days after the Chinese New Year and marks the beginning of spring.

Thumbnail of drawing of Krishna
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Krishna Tied to a Mortar for Stealing Butter

Krishna is known in the stories of the Bhagavata-Purana as the 8th incarnation of the god Vishnu, destined to perform great deeds and remove the evils of the world.

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Krishna Defeats the Whirlwind

Krishna is known in the stories of the Bhagavata-Purana as the 8th incarnation of the god Vishnu, destined to perform great deeds and remove the evils of the world.

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Krishna and the Cremation of Putana

Krishna is known in the stories of the Bhagavata-Purana as the 8th incarnation of the god Vishnu, destined to perform great deeds and remove the evils of the world.

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Liberty in the Form of the Goddess of Youth

Mary Green of Worcester, MA, created this embroidery in 1804 at the age of 16. She based it on the 1796 engraving, "Liberty in the Form of the Goddess of Youth Giving Support to the Bald Eagle," by artist-entrepreneur, Edward Savage (fig. 2).

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Pocahontas (Matoaka) 1595-1617

Pocahontas, a legendary figure in American history, was the daughter of a powerful 17th-century Powhatan chief.

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Gravestones and Childhood

In 17th-century New England, Puritan beliefs about "infant depravity" (born with "original sin") generated anxieties about "eternal damnation" that shaped methods of childrearing and notions of death. Puritan beliefs can be "read" on the gravestones often made out of dark grey slate.