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Enlightenment

Detail of Durer's "Last Supper" from his Passion series showing Jesus holding one of his disciples
Review

Wetmore Print Collection

While the responsibility of providing historical context for these images remains with the instructor, the images themselves will delight and puzzle students—and, if they are properly prepared, will provide good insight into the historical periods in question as well.
"The Radical's Arms" a political cartoon criticizing French Revolutionaries for the reign of terror by depicting two peasants with a guillotine before a burning globe
Review

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

It is this type of versatility, coupled with the topical essays and the intuitive design of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity that makes this site a welcome resource for teachers of European history and world history (and their students).
Detail of a page from Andreas Vealius' book Bruxellensis showing a map of major arteries
Review

Vaulted Treasures: Historical Medical Books at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library

This website features roughly 200 digitized pages drawn from more than 50 medical books published between 1493 and 1819. The website is structured as a virtual exhibit, presenting a separate page for each of 45 authors, including a brief biography of each.
Source

Liberty

Even before the French Revolution, the French had used a woman in a toga to symbolize liberty. By July 1789 this symbol had become quite common and would only grow more familiar over the revolutionary decade.

Teaching

Source Collection: The Enlightenment and Human Rights

When the French revolutionaries drew up the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen in August 1789, they aimed to topple the institutions surrounding hereditary monarchy and establish new ones based on the principles of the Enlightenment, a philosophical movement gathering steam in the eight

Source

Reason

To contemporaries who subscribed to the Enlightenment principles, preceding the French Revolution, the term "reason" was to be contrasted to superstition.

Detail of the site header showing the Lutheran Church logo.
Review

Project Wittenberg

It contains the largest online collection of Luther’s writings in English, including more than 100 hymns, as well as writings about Luther by many of his contemporaries and later Lutheran scholars.
Detail of an engraving showing Saint Peter's cathedral ca. 1587
Review

Vatican Library

But the best use of this site might be to accept it as an exhibit and encourage students to wander through it themselves, stopping where they choose, so that they discover the beauty and variety of the collection.
Image of Francis de Sales whose works are included in the online library
Review

Christian Classics Ethereal Library

This is still quite easily the best single location of source materials in English for the Reformation period online.
Source

Jean–Jacques Rousseau, Emile (1762)

Rousseau was the most controversial and paradoxical of the writers of the Enlightenment. Born in Switzerland, he published important works on politics, music, and in Emile, education. He also wrote one of the most widely read novels of the century, Julie or the New Heloise.