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Modern (1800 CE - 1950 CE)

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An Encouragement of Learning

Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835-1901) is one of the most famous figures of modern Japan. He was an intellectual, journalist, and educator who was the most visible advocate of modernization and Western Learning in the 1870s and 1880s.

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Imperial Rescript: The Great Principles of Education

During the 1870s, the Meiji government established many institutions based on the examples from Europe and the U.S., and many intellectuals advocated a thoroughgoing transformation of Japanese society and culture patterned after the model of civilization they observed in the West.

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On Education

This essay was printed in the periodical Meiroku Zasshi in May 1874. The magazine was produced by a small group of intellectuals committed to the study of Europe and America.

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The Imperial Rescript on Education

During the first two decades of the Meiji era, the new government invested a great deal of effort into building the institutions of the modern Japanese state.

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Explanation of School Matters

This document was written one year after the "Imperial Rescript on Education" by Education Minister Oki Takato.

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Marxists Internet Archive

Because the Archive offers such a wide-ranging set of sources from the Marxist tradition, students can be encouraged to explore cross-cultural comparisons.
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was passed by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1948 to provide an authoritative list of human rights that could serve as an international standard for all peoples and nations.

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Taranaki Education Office Report, 1898

A state-funded, secular elementary education system was established in the colony of New Zealand in 1870, but the compulsory attendance provisions for 7 to 13-year-olds were not rigorously enforced, for Maori and Pakeha children alike, until the first decade of the 20th century.

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Code of Honour

The overt moral tone of the advice reproduced on page 51 of this particular diary was neither unusual nor exceptional for the period.

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"Dear Dot" Children's Letters

Designated children's pages became quite common in regional newspapers in the early 20th century, providing a range of stories, news items, illustrations, quizzes, poetry, and competitions, with occasional contributions from children themselves.