Military

The Moscow Campaign 1812

Map depicting Napoleon's 1812 Russia campaign.

This source is a part of the The Napoleonic Experience teaching module.

The Battle of Waterloo as Seen by an Ordinary British Cavalryman

At the Battle of Waterloo, Dickson (1789–1880) was a corporal in a Scottish cavalry troop. He had enlisted in 1807. His reminiscences of the battle were written down by relatives years later.

Debris of the French Army Returning to the Fatherland

Here, as in other critical images, reversal plays an important role. Proud soldiers have given way to a bedraggled collection of men, far removed from their former glory.

Arms Reduction in Eastern Europe

Once in power, Mikhail Gorbachev began a reform process that followed two paths: perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost' (openness).

Facial Recognition Manual

If they wanted to keep out spies, security personnel on both sides of the Berlin Wall had to become sophisticated readers of facial features.

Robespierre 10 Thermidor—Exposition of 1877

This painting from 1877 shows in romantic style Robespierre dying in a large room, surrounded by soldiers and others.

The Death of Robespierre

This engraving, based on a color portrait by Beys, depicts the death of Robespierre on the guillotine. The executioners wear not the traditional hangman’s hood but red bonnets representing liberty. This judgment notes Robespierre’s failure to the Revolution itself.

Girls Making Snowman

Motivated by wartime hysteria and racial sentiments following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 that ordered the removal of Japanese Americans on the West Coast to internment camps in the interior.

Massacre of the Prisoners

Yet another image from the newspaper R*volutions de Paris shows crowds massacring refractory clergy and prisoners.

Massacre of the Prisoners of St. Germain Abbey

In one of the most widely reported incidents of the September massacres, a "jury" of twelve "commissioners" was formed spontaneously in the Saint–Germain Abbey to judge the refractory clergy held there as prisoners.