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That Seductive Mulatto Woman

Moreau de Saint–Méry painted a particularly negative portrait of mulatto women in Haiti. He paints Creole women as unduly promiscuous and a threat to morals and decency.

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Dona Marina, Cortes’ Translator: Poem, Como Duele, 1993, Women in World History

One of the earliest meditations on Malinche and her meaning published by a Chicana in the United States. This narrative explores Malinche’s fate and her abilities to negotiate difficult and competing cultural demands.

Thumbnail of boy posing with bicycle on a city street
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New York Public Library Digital Collections

The NYPL Digital Collection provides access to over 755,000 images digitized from primary sources and printed rarities, including illuminated manuscripts, vintage posters, illustrated books, and printed ephemera.
Photo of young girl with a bow in her hair.
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In Motion: The African-American Migration Project

In Motion: The African-American Migration Project portrays the history of 13 defining migrations that formed and transformed African Americans from the 16th century to the present.
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Dona Marina, Cortes’ Translator: Nonfiction, Florentine Codex (Nahuatl)

This chapter from the Florentine Codex, a bilingual encyclopedia of central Mexican life and history, was created by the Franciscan friar, Bernardino de Sahagún and indigenous advisors, painters and scribes.

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Dona Marina, Cortes’ Translator: Nonfiction, Florentine Codex (Spanish)

This chapter from the Florentine Codex, a bilingual encyclopedia of central Mexican life and history was created by the Franciscan friar, Bernardino de Sahagún and indigenous advisors, painters and scribes.

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Dona Marina, Cortes’ Translator: Personal Account, Bernal Díaz del Castillo

Perhaps the most famous 16th-century portrayal of doña Marina, this description is also the most extensive from the period. Díaz del Castillo claims she was beautiful and intelligent, she could speak Nahuatl and Maya.

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Dona Marina, Cortes' Translator: Letter, Hernán Cortés

This excerpt from Cortés’s Second Letter, written to Charles V in 1519 and first published in 1522, is one of only two instances in Cortés’s letters to the King that explicitly mentions his indigenous translator.

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Al-Idrisi's World Map

The Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-āfāq, most commonly known in the West as the Tabula Rogeriana ("The Book of Roger" in Latin), is a manuscript created by the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi that contains a highly detailed, partial-world map and extensive descriptions of the s

Ptolemy's Map displays a out of proportion western Europe, Mediterranean, and North Africa.
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Ptolemy's World Map

Claudius Ptolemy lived in the city of Alexandria in Egypt from about 100 to 170 CE. At that time Egypt was a Roman province and Ptolemy may have been a Roman citizen.