Browse

Europe

Detail of the site header showing the Lutheran Church logo.
Review

Project Wittenberg

It contains the largest online collection of Luther’s writings in English, including more than 100 hymns, as well as writings about Luther by many of his contemporaries and later Lutheran scholars.
Source

The Welcoming of a Marquis in Hell

Reflecting French Revolutionary sentiments, the image points out the destruction of the nobility, depicting the arrival in Hell of a "marquis" and several other "aristocrats," described in the legend as "conspirators" and "traitors."

Stone tablet from Gilgamesh's Epic.  The specific tablet is number 11 discussing the Flood Narrative.
Review

Internet Ancient History Sourcebook

This site was designed to provide classroom teachers with an extensive, well-organized collection of ancient Mediterranean literary texts and, to a lesser extent, art and archaeological sources.
Source

Abolition of Nobility

The major principle underlying the 4 August decree found legislative expression in the decree of 19 June 1790.

Source

We Must Hope That It Will Soon Be Over

A common complaint of pre-revolutionary rural petitions was the abuse of seigneurial dues owed by French peasants to lords supposedly in exchange for protection and supervision.

Source

Oath of the New Horaces

Social discrimination against old regime elites continued in this parody of a famous painting prior to the French Revolution, The Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques–Louis David which focused on the courage of three brothers who thrust their arms bravely forward to signal their willingness t

Source

I Was Sure We Would Have Our Turn

Class solidarity was never universal, as this print celebrates the victory of the peasantry over the nobility and clergy.

Source

Awakening of the Third Estate

With the Bastille being destroyed in the background, a member of the Third Estate breaks his shackles. Here, the clergy and nobility recoil in fear, thereby emphasizing the conflict between the estates during the French Revolution.

Source

Reunion

This piece of crockery further demonstrates the sentiments of social unity so prevalent at the 1790 Festival of Federation celebrating the French Revolution. The crossed sword, pike, clerical staff, and bonnet symbolize the union of the nobility, peasants, clergy, and workers, respectively.

Source

Through Me You Are All Brothers

Reflecting the sentiments of the French Revolution, this image shows the three orders unified by religion. The Virgin standing at right in a cloud holds a cross from which rays emanate to three figures representing the clergy, nobility, and Third Estate.