Triumph of the Year 1813

Napoleon’s efforts to dominate central Europe kindled a huge reaction, as national feelings soared among the many ethnic groups inhabiting the area. While these feelings would eventually lead to great internal conflicts, at first they were focused on francophobia and hostility to Napoleon. This cunning image shows a gnarled face made of Napoleon’s victims and an epaulet with fingers grasping toward conquest.

This source is a part of the The Napoleonic Experience teaching module.